In
the past couple of years there has been a lot of misinformation spread about
the life of Stockton's late Rev. Jeremiah King. According a few websites
(including an article in a local newspaper) a person labeled as an
"historian" was interviewed about King's life. Sadly, only one fact
within the entire article holds up, and that was the mention of the
establishing of the African Baptist Church in 1854. That's it.
From the claims that Rev. King struck it rich mining during the gold rush, to
the theories he had purchased many properties throughout San Joaquin County and
even an entire city block on the waterfront district, all the way down to the
very stretching claim that in his spare time King used "militant"
force by hiring spies and armed horsemen to go after illegal slave owners and
free slaves within the county, none of these claims can be substantiated with
factual evidence.
Again, I cannot stress this enough -- if you do not cite sources,
you cannot make these sorts of claims.
According
to records Jeremiah always claimed to have been from Georgia (although I did
find one where it says Tennessee). Although we know where Jeremiah was born, it
is very unclear exactly when he was born.
The 1860 Census states that a man named Jeremiah King was living in the O'neil
(or O'Neale) township of San Joaquin County, living with Abbey King, Jack Barret and Westley Hemphill. But this record claims he was born in
1794, in Georgia. (Marriage records indicate that Jeremiah King married
Abby Tulop in San Joaquin County on January 29, 1860.)
The 1860 Census for that specific township, which was pretty huge, listed only
five African-Americans as residents, Rev. King and his wife being two of the
listed five people. In fact, According to the "Population of Race, Sex and
Nativity" provided by the U.S. Federal Census Bureau., lists that in San
Joaquin County during 1860 there were only 126 African-Americans, 9,106
Caucasians and 139 Chinese residing within the entire county.
Going back to Rev. King....
Just a few years earlier, in 1854, Reverend Jeremiah King had founded the
African Baptist Church, later known as the Second Baptist
Church. According to the book, "The History of Stockton" by
George Henry Tinkham, published in 1880, it goes on to state:
"This church was organized in 1854. They had no house of worship until
1859, when they purchased the pioneer church of the Presbyterians for $800,
just $13,200 less than it cost nine years before. The lot was given by Captain
Weber."
So as you can see, Reverend King did not have the funds to
build the church nor purchase the land at the time of establishing his church,
and it even took five years before they could obtain a set location for their
congregation. That was when Captain Charles Weber generously gave the lot to
Rev. King.
Rev.
King (and his congregation) paid $800 for the church structure that was on the
land. They were getting a pretty sweet deal since the building had cost the
Presbyterians $14,000 to build just a shade under a decade prior. He
remained the pastor of the church for 25 years (from 1854-1879), and
eventually retired.
"Their first pastor was Jeremiah King, and from a young man in 1854, he
has grown old in the service of this people. He has been absent from his pulpit
only once, and during that time the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Samuel
Read. They have sixteen members of the church, and over thirty pupils in
the Sunday School. In this school two white ladies in the name of Christ and
the human family taught continuously for thirteen years; Mrs. True teaching five
years, and Miss Stowe eight."- “The History of Stockton”, George Henry
Tinkham, 1880.
The location of Rev. King's church was on the south side of Washington Street,
east of Madison Street. On September 19, 1986, and a plaque was placed by
officers and members of the Second Baptist Church in honor of Reverend King.
The actual location of the church would literally be where the present freeway
is now, since Washington street used to go straight, but now it curves north in
that spot because of the freeway.
The "An Illustrated History of San Joaquin County" states:
"The Second Baptist Church (colored) was organized in September, 1854.
Subsequently they purchased the famous frame church which Rev. James Woods had
brought from San Francisco for the Presbyterians, the first in the State. This
building they moved to its present location on the south side of Washington
street between Commerce and Beaver streets, fitted it up and have ever since
occupied it. Recently it has been remodeled and improved, at an expense of
$525. Numerically this church has always been weak. At present there are about
twenty-two members. Regular preaching, once a month. A Sunday school is
maintained. The deacons are J. Burrows, T. Petter and C.H. Sublett. Rev. W.A.
Mitchell has been pastor since 1887."--- published 1890.
Moving forward....
The
1880 Census states that an African-American man also named "Jeremiah
King" was listed living in the O'neil Township again, this time though it
lists his age as 66 (same age he was in 1860) and now he has a wife named
Rachel (who was crippled).
Is this the same Jeremiah King? It’s the only person with that name in the
entire county.
The name Jeremiah King comes up again in several of the California Great
Register's but each year his listed date of birth changes. 1871, page 31 states
his date of birth as 1806. 1872, pg 45 states his date of birth was 1807. 1873,
pg 36 states that his birth date was 1808, while 1875 states his birth date was
1810. 1876, pg 34 states his birth date was 1811, while 1877, pg 37 states his
birth date was 1812. There is also two more registers, in Nightingale
precinct of the O'Neil Township San Joaquin County in 1880 and 1882, both times
his date of birth is different again. 1880, pg 34 says he was born in 1804,
while 1882, pg 37 says he was born in 1806.
Very little is documented by primary sources in regards to Jeremiah King's
personal life except for the fact that he was listed as a "Farmer" in
the 1860 Census and a "Jobber" in the 1880 Census. The term
"Jobber" by definition means someone who performs occasional side
jobs, not someone who is employed full time in any set trade or
profession.
Besides census records or marriage records, there are no details about Rev.
King's life while in San Joaquin County that have been located, therefore we
cannot definitively give an in depth personal biography because of the lack of
primary source material.
According to census records, during at least the last decade of his life, he
lived on property next to the Pacific Insane Asylum which was located in
Woodbridge just north of Lodi. In fact, both census records are for the O'Neil
Township which spanned from Lodi, Woodbridge all the way clear out to the
Collegeville area but was NOT part of Stockton.
In
all the records I have searched I have found no documentation that Jeremiah
owned any property other than the one parcel of land that the African Baptist
Church was located on, which again was given to him as a gift by Captain
Charles Weber. He might have owned the land he farmed on in 1860 or he could
have been sharecropping for another farmer, although I haven't located any land
deed records with his name for the Woodbridge area as of yet. If I do find any,
I will certainly update that information on the blog I am currently writing
about King’s life.
Rev.
King's short biography which was written by the late Glenn Kennedy, a
longstanding trustee of the Stockton Rural Cemetery, states:
"Born
in Georgia. He came to Stockton in 1854 and started the African Baptist Church
which is now the Second Baptist Church. He was pastor for twenty five years and
missed only one service in all that time.
In 1862, during the Civil War years, when feelings were running high, he came
to the trustees of Rural Cemetery asking for a place for his people. His
request was granted and in all the years that have followed, Rural Cemetery has
reserved a special place for his people. He was loved and respected by all the
people of the community as a builder of men."--- “Stockton Area Pioneers,”
Glenn A. Kennedy (1992)
This
is an important point to make since over the past few years there has been
confusion and serious misinformation spread about Rev. King's life as well as
the history of the so-called "colored section" at Stockton Rural
Cemetery known as Block 27.
According
to documented facts Rev. King was able to have a section "reserved"
for his congregation, but the Block itself is NOT a segregated section at all.
I have been researching burials in that section for years and I have found just
as many Caucasian burials as I have African-Americans which proves that the
area was not segregated.
The
fact of the matter is this, although a small area within Block 27 may have been
reserved for Rev. King's baptist congregation, the block itself was not a
colored section. Think of it this way, Rev. King's reserved area in Block 27 is
no different than if a family reserved a large plot within a section of the
cemetery, the block itself is comprised of every type of person you could
imagine (Caucasian, African-American and yes, I even found a Hispanic male,
too).
From
Reverends to farmers, housewives to prostitutes, a fallen Police Officer, many
European immigrants, a Judge, a Confederate Major and even a County Clerk, that
section is full of history but one thing is for sure, it was not full of
discrimination.
And as far as the area of that cemetery getting very overgrown during the
spring and summer months, there is a reason for that too, and it isn't because
of racist neglect. Block 27 is merely a non-endowment section of the
cemetery just like Block 36 or Block 14, both which are adjacent to Block 27.
That means that section does not get the upkeep that other sections are
supposed to get because all those people who purchased their plot in the non-endowment
care area did not pay for perpetual care of their graves or the land
surrounding it. Go to any historic cemetery and you will always find an
endowment care and and non-endowment care just like Stockton Rural. (also the
staff at the cemetery weed-eat the non-endowment areas at least twice during
the spring and summer months).
As far as claiming only one section of the cemetery was for colored people,
that appears to be false, too. I have found many African-American pioneers
buried in Stockton Rural Cemetery in sections all over the cemetery, so that
contradicts the idea that only one section of the cemetery was set aside just
for “colored” people.
When
I created Rev. King's Find-a-Grave memorial several years ago, I did a lot of
research to find out who he was, and tell his story accurately. There hasn't
been any more information available about his life by way of primary sources.
This is the most detailed account of what I could find about Rev. King's life
and his congregation at the First African Baptist Church in Stockton without
adding speculation or theorizing about his personal life without facts to back
them up.
In
ending, please do your research when it comes to finding the truth about people
of the past. It is our job to search diligently to uncover the documented facts
and not spread fabricated stories that cannot be backed up by documented
sources. This sort of thing only causes confusion or upsets others. Also, if
the person presenting the history cannot or will not share their sources with
the public that is a red flag that they are fabricating their story. All true
historians ALWAYS cite their sources.
Happy
History Hunting!
"Dual Suspect Cries 'I Am Guilty!'
